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Each browser has custom capabilities and unique features.
Note : If your device's date and language settings are set to Arabic, you must change the localization settings of your Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to prevent startup failures. Add the following arguments to your JVM :
-Duser.language=en -Duser.region=US
By default, Selenium 4 is compatible with Chrome v75 and greater. Note that the version of the Chrome browser and the version of chromedriver must match the major version.
Capabilities common to all browsers are described on the Options page.
Capabilities unique to Chrome and Chromium are documented at Google’s page for Capabilities & ChromeOptions
Starting a Chrome session with basic defined options looks like this:
driver.quit()
driver = new ChromeDriver(options); @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
end const Options = new Chrome.Options();
let driver = await env
.builder()
.setChromeOptions(Options)
.build();The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser.
There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:
Commonly used args include --start-maximized, --headless=new and --user-data-dir=...
Add an argument to options:
driver.quit() @driver.get('https://www.google.com') let driver = await env
.builder()
.setChromeOptions(options.addArguments('--headless=new'))
.build();The binary parameter takes the path of an alternate location of browser to use. With this parameter you can
use chromedriver to drive various Chromium based browsers.
Add a browser location to options:
def exclude_switches(): let driver = await env
.builder()
.setChromeOptions(options.setChromeBinaryPath(`Path to chrome binary`))
.build();The extensions parameter accepts crx files. As for unpacked directories,
please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in
this post.
Add an extension to options:
Setting the detach parameter to true will keep the browser open after the process has ended,
so long as the quit command is not sent to the driver.
Note: This is already the default behavior in Java.
Note: This is already the default behavior in .NET.
let driver = await env
.builder()
.setChromeOptions(options.detachDriver(true))
.build();Chromedriver has several default arguments it uses to start the browser.
If you do not want those arguments added, pass them into excludeSwitches.
A common example is to turn the popup blocker back on. A full list of default arguments
can be parsed from the
Chromium Source Code
Set excluded arguments on options:
driver = new ChromeDriver(service); let driver = await env
.builder()
.setChromeOptions(options.excludeSwitches('enable-automation'))
.build();Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the Driver Service page.
Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.
To change the logging output to save to a specific file:
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
.withAppendLog(true)Note: Java also allows setting file output by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: String representing path to log file
expect(File.readlines(file_name).grep(/\[DEBUG\]:/).any?).to eq trueTo change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:
System.setProperty(ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY,
getLogLocation().getAbsolutePath());Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: DriverService.LOG_STDOUT or DriverService.LOG_STDERR
There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF.
Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF,
so this example is just setting the log level generically:
private File getLogLocation() throws IOException {Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_LEVEL_PROPERTY
Property value: String representation of ChromiumDriverLogLevel enum
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: serviceThere are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:
To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.
Note: Java also allows toggling these features by System Property:
Property keys: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_APPEND_LOG_PROPERTY and ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_READABLE_TIMESTAMP
Property value: "true" or "false"
Chromedriver and Chrome browser versions should match, and if they don’t the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Chrome. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.
Note: Java also allows disabling build checks by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_DISABLE_BUILD_CHECK
Property value: "true" or "false"
Some browsers have implemented additional features that are unique to them.
You can drive Chrome Cast devices, including sharing tabs
You can simulate various network conditions.
See the Chrome DevTools section for more information about using Chrome DevTools
Microsoft Edge is implemented with Chromium, with the earliest supported version of v79. Similar to Chrome, the major version number of edgedriver must match the major version of the Edge browser.
Capabilities common to all browsers are described on the Options page.
Capabilities unique to Chromium are documented at Google’s page for Capabilities & ChromeOptions
Starting an Edge session with basic defined options looks like this:
driver.quit()
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge, options: options
end let options = new edge.Options();
driver = await env.builder()
.setEdgeOptions(options)
.setEdgeService(new edge.ServiceBuilder(edgedriver.binPath()))
.build();The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser.
There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:
Commonly used args include --start-maximized, --headless=new and --user-data-dir=...
Add an argument to options:
driver.quit() .build();The binary parameter takes the path of an alternate location of browser to use. With this parameter you can
use chromedriver to drive various Chromium based browsers.
Add a browser location to options:
The extensions parameter accepts crx files. As for unpacked directories,
please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in
this post.
Add an extension to options:
Setting the detach parameter to true will keep the browser open after the process has ended,
so long as the quit command is not sent to the driver.
Note: This is already the default behavior in Java.
Note: This is already the default behavior in .NET.
.build();MSEdgedriver has several default arguments it uses to start the browser.
If you do not want those arguments added, pass them into excludeSwitches.
A common example is to turn the popup blocker back on. A full list of default arguments
can be parsed from the
Chromium Source Code
Set excluded arguments on options:
.build();Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the Driver Service page.
Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.
To change the logging output to save to a specific file:
EdgeDriverService service = new EdgeDriverService.Builder()Note: Java also allows setting file output by System Property:
Property key: EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: String representing path to log file
driver = webdriver.Edge(service=service) expect(File.readlines(file_name).grep(/\[DEBUG\]:/).any?).to eq trueTo change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:
public void disableBuildChecks() throws IOException {Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: DriverService.LOG_STDOUT or DriverService.LOG_STDERR
There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF.
Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF,
so this example is just setting the log level generically:
String expected = "[WARNING]: You are using an unsupported command-line switch: --disable-build-check";
Assertions.assertTrue(fileContent.contains(expected));Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_LOG_LEVEL_PROPERTY
Property value: String representation of ChromiumDriverLogLevel enum
driver = webdriver.Edge(service=service) @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge, service: serviceThere are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:
To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.
Note: Java also allows toggling these features by System Property:
Property keys: EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_APPEND_LOG_PROPERTY and EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_READABLE_TIMESTAMP
Property value: "true" or "false"
Edge browser and msedgedriver versions should match, and if they don’t the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Edge. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.
Note: Java also allows disabling build checks by System Property:
Property key: EdgeDriverService.EDGE_DRIVER_DISABLE_BUILD_CHECK
Property value: "true" or "false"
Microsoft Edge can be driven in “Internet Explorer Compatibility Mode”, which uses the Internet Explorer Driver classes in conjunction with Microsoft Edge. Read the Internet Explorer page for more details.
Some browsers have implemented additional features that are unique to them.
You can drive Chrome Cast devices with Edge, including sharing tabs
You can simulate various network conditions.
See the Chrome DevTools section for more information about using DevTools in Edge
Selenium 4 requires Firefox 78 or greater. It is recommended to always use the latest version of geckodriver.
Capabilities common to all browsers are described on the Options page.
Capabilities unique to Firefox can be found at Mozilla’s page for firefoxOptions
Starting a Firefox session with basic defined options looks like this:
Assertions.assertEquals("Content injected by webextensions-selenium-example", injected.getText());
} driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)
driver.InstallAddOnFromFile(Path.GetFullPath(extensionFilePath));
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options
end let options = new firefox.Options();
driver = await env.builder()
.setFirefoxOptions(options)
.build();The args parameter is for a list of Command line switches used when starting the browser.
Commonly used args include -headless and "-profile", "/path/to/profile"
Add an argument to options:
driver.uninstallExtension(id); public void UnInstallAddon() driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html' let driver = await env.builder()The binary parameter takes the path of an alternate location of browser to use. For example, with this parameter you can
use geckodriver to drive Firefox Nightly instead of the production version when both are present on your computer.
Add a browser location to options:
driver.installExtension(path, true); Assert.AreEqual(driver.FindElements(By.Id("webextensions-selenium-example")).Count, 0); driver.uninstall_addon(extension_id)There are several ways to work with Firefox profiles.
var options = new FirefoxOptions();
var profile = new FirefoxProfile();
options.Profile = profile;
var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
const { Builder } = require("selenium-webdriver");
const firefox = require('selenium-webdriver/firefox');
const options = new firefox.Options();
let profile = '/path to custom profile';
options.setProfile(profile);
const driver = new Builder()
.forBrowser('firefox')
.setFirefoxOptions(options)
.build();
val options = FirefoxOptions()
options.profile = FirefoxProfile()
driver = FirefoxDriver(options)
Service settings common to all browsers are described on the Service page.
Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging various issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.
To change the logging output to save to a specific file:
System.setOut(new PrintStream(getLogLocation()));
Note: Java also allows setting file output by System Property:
Property key: GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: String representing path to log file
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, service: serviceTo change the logging output to display in the console:
System.setProperty(GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY,
getLogLocation().getAbsolutePath());Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: DriverService.LOG_STDOUT or DriverService.LOG_STDERR
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, service: serviceThere are 7 available log levels: fatal, error, warn, info, config, debug, trace.
If logging is specified the level defaults to info.
Note that -v is equivalent to -log debug and -vv is equivalent to log trace,
so this examples is just for setting the log level generically:
public void stopsTruncatingLogs() throws IOException {
System.setProperty(GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY,Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_LEVEL_PROPERTY
Property value: String representation of FirefoxDriverLogLevel enum
The driver logs everything that gets sent to it, including string representations of large binaries, so Firefox truncates lines by default. To turn off truncation:
@Test
public void setProfileLocation() throws IOException {Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_LOG_NO_TRUNCATE
Property value: "true" or "false"
The default directory for profiles is the system temporary directory. If you do not have access to that directory, or want profiles to be created some place specific, you can change the profile root directory:
@Test
public void installAddon() {Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: GeckoDriverService.GECKO_DRIVER_PROFILE_ROOT
Property value: String representing path to profile root directory
Some browsers have implemented additional features that are unique to them.
Unlike Chrome, Firefox extensions are not added as part of capabilities as mentioned in this issue, they are created after starting the driver.
The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.
A signed xpi file you would get from Mozilla Addon page
await driver.uninstallAddon(id);Uninstalling an addon requires knowing its id. The id can be obtained from the return value when installing the add-on.
When working with an unfinished or unpublished extension, it will likely not be signed. As such, it can only be installed as “temporary.” This can be done by passing in either a zip file or a directory, here’s an example with a directory:
The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.
The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.
As of June 2022, Selenium officially no longer supports standalone Internet Explorer. The Internet Explorer driver still supports running Microsoft Edge in “IE Compatibility Mode.”
The IE Driver is the only driver maintained by the Selenium Project directly. While binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer are available, there are some known limitations with the 64-bit driver. As such it is recommended to use the 32-bit driver.
Additional information about using Internet Explorer can be found on the IE Driver Server page
Starting a Microsoft Edge browser in Internet Explorer Compatibility mode with basic defined options looks like this:
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.quit()
As of Internet Explorer Driver v4.5.0:
So, if IE is not on the system, you only need:
let driver = await new Builder()
.forBrowser('internet explorer')
.setIEOptions(options)
.build();val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)Here are a few common use cases with different capabilities:
In some environments, Internet Explorer may timeout when opening the File Upload dialog. IEDriver has a default timeout of 1000ms, but you can increase the timeout using the fileUploadDialogTimeout capability.
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2));
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000);
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000);
let driver = await Builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
When set to true, this capability clears the Cache,
Browser History and Cookies for all running instances
of InternetExplorer including those started manually
or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.
Using this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.
This capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ensure_clean_session = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.EnsureCleanSession = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true);
let driver = await Builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.
This capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.ignoreZoomSettings();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ignore_zoom_level = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true);
let driver = await Builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.ignoreZoomSettings()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.
If not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.
If capability is set to true, tests may
become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang.
However, this is still by far a second-best choice,
and the first choice should always be to actually
set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually.
If a user is using this property,
only a “best effort” at support will be given.
This capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true);
let driver = await Builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
When set to true, this capability suppresses the
diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.
This capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.setCapability("silent", true);
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.set_capability("silent", True)
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption("silent", true);
IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require('selenium-webdriver');
let caps = Capabilities.ie();
caps.set('silent', true);
(async function example() {
let driver = await new Builder()
.forBrowser('internet explorer')
.withCapabilities(caps)
.build();
try {
await driver.get('http://www.google.com/ncr');
}
finally {
await driver.quit();
}
})();
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions
fun main() {
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.setCapability("silent", true)
val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)
try {
driver.get("https://google.com/ncr")
val caps = driver.getCapabilities()
println(caps)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.
The following describes few supported command-line options
-private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.
-k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.
-extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.
Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions;
public class ieTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe();
options.addCommandSwitches("-k");
InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
try {
driver.get("https://google.com/ncr");
Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities();
System.out.println(caps);
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.add_argument('-private')
options.force_create_process_api = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
namespace ieTest {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true;
options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = "-k";
IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
driver.Url = "https://google.com/ncr";
}
}
}
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options();
options.addBrowserCommandSwitches('-k');
options.addBrowserCommandSwitches('-private');
options.forceCreateProcessApi(true);
driver = await env.builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions
fun main() {
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe()
options.addCommandSwitches("-k")
val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)
try {
driver.get("https://google.com/ncr")
val caps = driver.getCapabilities()
println(caps)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.
For IE 8 and above, this option requires the “TabProcGrowth” registry value to be set to 0.
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions;
public class ieTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe();
InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
try {
driver.get("https://google.com/ncr");
Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities();
System.out.println(caps);
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.force_create_process_api = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
namespace ieTest {
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true;
IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
driver.Url = "https://google.com/ncr";
}
}
}
const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options();
options.forceCreateProcessApi(true);
driver = await env.builder()
.setIeOptions(options)
.build();
import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions
fun main() {
val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe()
val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)
try {
driver.get("https://google.com/ncr")
val caps = driver.getCapabilities()
println(caps)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Service settings common to all browsers are described on the Service page.
Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging various issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.
To change the logging output to save to a specific file:
.withLogFile(getLogLocation())Note: Java also allows setting file output by System Property:
Property key: InternetExplorerDriverService.IE_DRIVER_LOGFILE_PROPERTY
Property value: String representing path to log file
@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="requires Windows")To change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:
.withLogOutput(System.out)Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: InternetExplorerDriverService.IE_DRIVER_LOGFILE_PROPERTY
Property value: DriverService.LOG_STDOUT or DriverService.LOG_STDERR
There are 6 available log levels: FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, and TRACE
If logging output is specified, the default level is FATAL
.withLogLevel(InternetExplorerDriverLogLevel.WARN)Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: InternetExplorerDriverService.IE_DRIVER_LOGLEVEL_PROPERTY
Property value: String representation of InternetExplorerDriverLogLevel.DEBUG.toString() enum
@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="requires Windows") service.LoggingLevel = InternetExplorerDriverLogLevel.Warn; .withExtractPath(getTempDirectory())@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="requires Windows") service.LibraryExtractionPath = GetTempDirectory();Unlike Chromium and Firefox drivers, the safaridriver is installed with the Operating System. To enable automation on Safari, run the following command from the terminal:
safaridriver --enable
Capabilities common to all browsers are described on the Options page.
Capabilities unique to Safari can be found at Apple’s page About WebDriver for Safari
Starting a Safari session with basic defined options looks like this:
def test_basic_options():
options = SafariOptions() @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari, options: options
end describe('Should be able to Test Command line arguments', function () {
(process.platform === 'darwin' ? it : it.skip)('headless', async function () {
let driver = await env.builder()
.setSafariOptions(options) val options = SafariOptions()
val driver = SafariDriver(options)Those looking to automate Safari on iOS should look to the Appium project.
Service settings common to all browsers are described on the Service page.
Unlike other browsers, Safari doesn’t let you choose where logs are output, or change levels. The one option
available is to turn logs off or on. If logs are toggled on, they can be found at:~/Library/Logs/com.apple.WebDriver/.
.withLogging(true)Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: SafariDriverService.SAFARI_DRIVER_LOGGING
Property value: "true" or "false"
service = webdriver.safari.service.Service(service_args=["--diagnose"])Apple provides a development version of their browser — Safari Technology Preview
options = webdriver.safari.options.Options()
options.use_technology_preview = True
service = webdriver.safari.service.Service(
executable_path='/Applications/Safari Technology Preview.app/Contents/MacOS/safaridriver'
)
driver = webdriver.Safari(options=options, service=service)
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