Opções do navegador
Esses recursos são compartilhados por todos os navegadores.
Driver Sessions
Starting and stopping a session is for opening and closing a browser.
Creating Sessions
Creating a new session corresponds with the W3C command for New session
The session is created automatically by initializing a new Driver class object.
Each language allows a session to be created with arguments from one of these classes (or equivalent):
- Options to describe the kind of session you want; default values are used for local, but this is required for remote
- Some form of Http Client Configuration (the implementation varies between languages)
- Listeners
Local Driver
The primary unique argument for starting a local driver includes information about starting the required driver service on the local machine.
- Service object applies only to local drivers and provides information about the browser driver
}/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/drivers/OptionsTest.java
package dev.selenium.drivers;
import dev.selenium.BaseTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class OptionsTest extends BaseTest {
@Test
public void setPageLoadStrategyNormal() {
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
try {
// Navigate to Url
driver.get("https://selenium.dev");
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
@Test
public void setPageLoadStrategyEager() {
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
try {
// Navigate to Url
driver.get("https://selenium.dev");
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
@Test
public void setPageLoadStrategyNone() {
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
try {
// Navigate to Url
driver.get("https://selenium.dev");
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_options.py
from selenium import webdriver
def test_page_load_strategy_normal():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'normal'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
def test_page_load_strategy_eager():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'eager'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
def test_page_load_strategy_none():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'none'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
string userDataDir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetTempPath(), System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName());/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/BaseTest.cs
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs
{
public class BaseTest
{
protected IWebDriver driver;
protected Uri GridUrl;
private Process _webserverProcess;
private const string ServerJarName = "selenium-server-4.34.0.jar";
private static readonly string BaseDirectory = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
private const string RelativePathToGrid = "../../../../../";
private readonly string _examplesDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(BaseDirectory, RelativePathToGrid));
[TestCleanup]
public void Cleanup()
{
driver?.Quit();
if (_webserverProcess != null)
{
StopServer();
}
}
protected void StartDriver(string browserVersion = null)
{
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
if (browserVersion != null)
{
options.BrowserVersion = browserVersion;
string userDataDir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetTempPath(), System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName());
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(userDataDir);
options.AddArgument($"--user-data-dir={userDataDir}");
options.AddArgument("--no-sandbox");
options.AddArgument("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
}
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
}
protected async Task StartServer()
{
if (_webserverProcess == null || _webserverProcess.HasExited)
{
_webserverProcess = new Process();
_webserverProcess.StartInfo.FileName =
RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows) ? "java.exe" : "java";
string port = GetFreeTcpPort().ToString();
GridUrl = new Uri("http://localhost:" + port + "/wd/hub");
_webserverProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = " -jar " + ServerJarName +
" standalone --port " + port +
" --selenium-manager true --enable-managed-downloads true";
_webserverProcess.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = _examplesDirectory;
_webserverProcess.Start();
await EnsureGridIsRunningAsync();
}
}
private void StopServer()
{
if (_webserverProcess != null && !_webserverProcess.HasExited)
{
_webserverProcess.Kill();
_webserverProcess.Dispose();
_webserverProcess = null;
}
}
private static int GetFreeTcpPort()
{
TcpListener l = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 0);
l.Start();
int port = ((IPEndPoint)l.LocalEndpoint).Port;
l.Stop();
return port;
}
private async Task EnsureGridIsRunningAsync()
{
DateTime timeout = DateTime.Now.Add(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
bool isRunning = false;
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
while (!isRunning && DateTime.Now < timeout)
{
try
{
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(GridUrl + "/status");
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
isRunning = true;
}
else
{
await Task.Delay(500);
}
}
catch (HttpRequestException)
{
await Task.Delay(500);
}
}
if (!isRunning)
{
throw new TimeoutException("Could not confirm the remote selenium server is running within 30 seconds");
}
}
}
}
driver.get('https://www.google.com')/examples/ruby/spec/drivers/options_spec.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'spec_helper'
RSpec.describe 'Chrome' do
describe 'Driver Options' do
let(:chrome_location) { driver_finder && ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN', nil) }
it 'page load strategy normal' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :normal
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
it 'page load strategy eager' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :eager
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
it 'page load strategy none' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :none
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
end
end
driver = new Builder()
.forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
.setChromeOptions(options)
.setChromeService(service)
.build();/examples/javascript/test/drivers/service.spec.js
const fs = require('fs');
const os = require('os');
const path = require('path');
const Chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
const {Browser, Builder} = require("selenium-webdriver");
const {getBinaryPaths} = require("selenium-webdriver/common/driverFinder");
describe('Service Test', function () {
let driver;
let userDataDir;
let service;
let options;
afterEach(async function () {
if (driver) {
await driver.quit();
driver = null;
}
if (userDataDir) {
fs.rmSync(userDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
userDataDir = null;
}
});
it('Default service', async function () {
service = new Chrome.ServiceBuilder();
driver = new Builder()
.forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
.setChromeService(service)
.build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');
});
it('Set Driver Location', async function () {
options = new Chrome.Options();
options.setBrowserVersion("stable");
let paths = getBinaryPaths(options);
let driverPath = paths.driverPath;
let browserPath = paths.browserPath;
options.setChromeBinaryPath(browserPath);
userDataDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'chrome-profile-'));
options.addArguments(`--user-data-dir=${userDataDir}`);
options.addArguments('--no-sandbox');
options.addArguments('--disable-dev-shm-usage');
service = new Chrome.ServiceBuilder(driverPath);
driver = new Builder()
.forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
.setChromeOptions(options)
.setChromeService(service)
.build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');
});
it('Set port', async function () {
service = new Chrome.ServiceBuilder().setPort(1234);
driver = new Builder()
.forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
.setChromeService(service)
.build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');
});
});
Remote Driver
The primary unique argument for starting a remote driver includes information about where to execute the code. Read the details in the Remote Driver Section
Quitting Sessions
Quitting a session corresponds to W3C command for Deleting a Session.
Important note: the quit method is different from the close method,
and it is recommended to always use quit to end the session
driver.quit();/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScript.java
package dev.selenium.getting_started;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
public class FirstScript {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.getTitle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.click();
WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
message.getText();
driver.quit();
}
}
driver.quit()/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_options.py
from selenium import webdriver
def test_page_load_strategy_normal():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'normal'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
def test_page_load_strategy_eager():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'eager'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
def test_page_load_strategy_none():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'none'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
driver.Quit();/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/GettingStarted/FirstScript.cs
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted;
public static class FirstScript
{
public static void Main()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
var title = driver.Title;
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
submitButton.Click();
var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
var value = message.Text;
driver.Quit();
}
} end/examples/ruby/spec/drivers/options_spec.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'spec_helper'
RSpec.describe 'Chrome' do
describe 'Driver Options' do
let(:chrome_location) { driver_finder && ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN', nil) }
it 'page load strategy normal' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :normal
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
it 'page load strategy eager' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :eager
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
it 'page load strategy none' do
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
options.page_load_strategy = :none
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.quit
end
end
end
await driver.quit();/examples/javascript/test/getting_started/firstScript.spec.js
const {By, Builder, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");
(async function firstTest() {
let driver;
try {
driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();
await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');
let title = await driver.getTitle();
assert.equal("Web form", title);
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});
let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));
await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
await submitButton.click();
let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
let value = await message.getText();
assert.equal("Received!", value);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e)
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
}())
driver.quit()/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/getting_started/FirstScriptTest.kt
package dev.selenium.getting_started
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.time.Duration
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class FirstScriptTest {
private lateinit var driver: WebDriver
@Test
fun eightComponents() {
driver = ChromeDriver()
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
val title = driver.title
assertEquals("Web form", title)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500))
var textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"))
val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"))
textBox.sendKeys("Selenium")
submitButton.click()
val message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"))
val value = message.getText()
assertEquals("Received!", value)
driver.quit()
}
}Última modificação July 29, 2025: Adding trailing / to retrieve code from GitHub (48b97e9bf8)
